Sledování přenosů z/na internet

Vycházím z článku How can you monitor internet data usage?

vnStat - Light Weight Console-based Network Monitor

vnStat is a console-based network traffic monitor for Linux and BSD that keeps a log of network traffic for the selected interface(s). It uses the network interface statistics provided by the kernel as information source. This means that vnStat won't actually be sniffing any traffic and also ensures light use of system resources.

Installation

vnStat is in the official repositories so no need to link to a new ppa. To install create a Terminal instance using Ctrl+Alt+T and type at the prompt:

sudo apt-get install vnstat

After installation, keep your Terminal open for the following sections. There is no need to reboot.

Configuration

Pick a preferred network interface and edit the Interface variable in the /etc/vnstat.conf accordingly. To the list all interfaces available to vnstat, use:

vnstat --iflist

To start monitoring a particular interface you must initialize a database first. Each interface needs its own database. The command to initialize one for the eth1 interface is:

sudo vnstat -u -i eth1

Start Systemd Service

After introducing the interface(s) and checking the config file. You can start the monitoring process via systemd:

sudo systemctl start vnstat.service

To make this service permanent use:

sudo systemctl enable vnstat.service

From now on vnstat will be gathering network usage in the background using such a small percentage of CPU it doesn't show up on conky's (system monitor's) top 9 list of processes (on my machine).

Usage (from Command Line)

Query the network traffic:

vnstat -q

Viewing live network traffic usage:

vnstat -l

To find more options, use:

vnstat --help

Monthly Totals

To see monthly totals, use:

josef@josef-amd:~$ vnstat -m
eth1  /  monthly
      month        rx      |     tx      |    total    |   avg. rate
   ------------------------+-------------+-------------+---------------
     lis '16      6,17 MiB |    2,07 MiB |    8,24 MiB |    0,06 kbit/s
   ------------------------+-------------+-------------+---------------
   estimated        13 MiB |       4 MiB |      17 MiB |

Conky example

Conky is a popular light-weight System Monitor used across many Linux distributions. You can vnStat bandwidth totals to your conky display like this:

The conky code to achieve this is:

${color orange}${voffset 2}${hr 1}
${color1}${font sans:bold:size=11}Network using vnStat "-i", "-w" and "-m"${font sans:size=8}
${color}${goto 16}Dnes ${goto 100}Včera ${goto 215}Týden ${goto 325}Měsíc ${color green}
${goto 16}${execi 300 vnstat -i eth1 | grep "today" | awk '{print $8" "substr ($9, 1, 1)}'} ${goto 110}${execi 300 vnstat -i eth1 |  grep "yesterday" | awk '{print $8" "substr ($9, 1, 1)}'} ${goto 220}${execi 300 vnstat -i eth1 -w | grep "current week" | awk  '{print $9" "substr ($10, 1, 1)}'} ${goto 325}${execi 300 vnstat -i eth1 -m | grep "`date +"%b '%y"`" | awk '{print $9" "substr  ($10, 1, 1)}'}
${color orange}${voffset 2}${hr 1}

To save space on my narrow window I used "G" instead of "GiB", "M" instead of "MiB", etc. If you have more screen realestate change substr ($10, 1, 1) to $10 and the same for $9.

You may have to change eth0 to wlan0 or eth1, etc. depending on your network name reported by ifconfig.

Zobrazení hodnot jako sumář

With

ifconfig | cut -c 1-8 | sort | uniq -u

you can list the interfaces:

eth1    
lo

For one interface, you can then visualize the traffic like this:

vnstati -vs -i eth1 -o ~/summary.png

gives a nice summary:

• rx is the received traffic
• tx is the transferred traffic

Další možnosti sledování

Apart from any software solution I would suggest looking at your provider. Many of them have monitoring tools which send you a warning when you reach a certain limit or block your access temporarily. This has the advantage that you get some "official" number.

Jak zjistím běžící servisy

Since Ubuntu has recently switched over to systemd, some services will be listed by upstart.

service --status-all

and others, by systemd

systemctl -l --type service --all

or as root

systemctl -r --type service --all

However software still using the init system will likely be listed in

/etc/init.d

Looking through all of those will yield most services registered on the system.

There is a good summary on systemd over on the Arch wiki

vnstat neaktualizuje data?

Viz vnstat not updating. Otázka:

"I installed vnstat on my Ubuntu 14.04 server to track my internet usage (I have a limited monthly transfer). The database never updates, however. I've tried uninstalling/reinstalling, but that doesn't work. What do I need to do to get vnstat to update and be accurate?"

Řešení:

Run

sudo chown -R vnstat:vnstat /var/lib/vnstat

This fixed my problem on Ubuntu 14.04.

Make sure you have following files in that folder and have proper ownership.

boby@fwhlin:/var/lib/vnstat$ ls -la
total 16
drwxr-xrwx  2 vnstat vnstat 4096 May 16 01:50 .
drwxr-xr-x 78 root   root   4096 Jul 22 15:14 ..
-rw-r--rwx  1 vnstat vnstat 2792 Jul 26 00:26 eth0
-rw-rw-r--  1 vnstat vnstat 2792 Jul 26 00:26 .eth0
boby@fwhlin:/var/lib/vnstat$ 

.eth0 is temp file, that may disappear sometimes.

Poznámka:

Toto řešení jsem musel použít, protože můj vnstat zpočátku neaktualizoval!

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Štítky: networking system-monitor bandwidth internet